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Pertinent changes introduced in recent editions of international codes as a result of these evidences are presented. A summary of results of empirical and analytical site-effect studies are provided and recent findings from empirical studies on instrumental records are compared against similar results from earlier studies. more Recent developments in the definition of design ground motions for seismic analysis of structures are presented. Recent developments in the definition of design ground motions for seismic analysis of structures.
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The significance of the introduction of flexible-base elements in taller and more rigid structures subjected to lateral loads can be expected to be even larger. The internal forces in the structural members with and without flexible base elements showed notable differences. The application of the springs is illustrated using a simple building frame subjected to gravity loads only.
Ebcs ethiopian building code standard series#
Additional spring formulas that account for primary and secondary consolidation settlement are derived It is shown that these vertical springs can be joined in series to account for all types of soil deformation immediate, primary consolidation, and secondary consolidation or creep. This is followed by providing sets of such valuable formulas for use in practical modeling of structures founded on deformable soils. more The theory of elasticity of continua is employed to show the background of spring formulas that are introduced at the bases of structures to account for immediate static deformation of soils. The theory of elasticity of continua is employed to show the background of spring formulas that a.